This document contains explanatory notes and background information on various authors and cartographers cited in the Bibliographies and Table. Each Books or Maps button is a link to the appropriate bibliographic citation.

p.4. The following table is in both editions.

“We passed close to the Redondo Island [Rosa Redonda], a curious looking rock.”
The bracketed (and incorrect) citation was inserted during book production and is not found in Robert Dampier's original ms.

The author(s) of record notwithstanding, the narrative is written by Mrs. Electa Johnson.

p. 74. “The Spanish name, Nightmare Island, seems much more suitable than [Tower].”

Johnson's 1726 History is included here because it is the source of a variant of Herman Moll's Map of the Middle Part of America. The map in most editions of Dampier's New Voyage shows the track of his ship. However, the variant in the Johnson edition omits this track and makes several other changes, as summarized in a Table of Differences accompanying the illustration of both editions of the map. See Herman Moll bibliography for details.

Various authorities have argued for and against the claim that “Captain Charles Johnson” was a pseudonym of Daniel Defoe. Failing conclusive evidence, Johnson's actual identity remains unknown.

The following excerpt is from W. Kaye Lamb's introduction to The Voyage of George Vancouver: 1791-1795.
p. 266: “Other items of interest at Taunton include 11 rough surveys by Johnstone (… seven of the Galapagos Islands).” The editor may have assumed the Taunton Ms. reference number (231/7) indicated seven Galápagos charts, but in fact there is only one. The chart shows fragments of the present Islas Isabela and Fernandina (neither identified by name on the chart). Johnstone was Master of H.M.S. Chatham, which travelled in company with Vancouver's H.M.S. Discovery. See also Joseph Baker.

Tom Johnstone was a crew member on the Zavorah, Capt. Charles Hubbard, on its six-month voyage from Boston to San Pedro, California. While in Galápagos, Johnstone took photos on Islas San Cristóbal, Floreana, and near Pinnacle Rock.

Excerpts describing animals introduced on Isla Santa Cruz.

• The date of the introduction of donkeys into Santa Cruz is unknown, ... .
• The date of introduction of feral [presumably domestic, but later feral] dogs is also unknown, as also is the cause of their extinction: all one can say is that wild dogs did for a time exist here. The people of the Norwegian Ulva expedition (ca. 1925) shot a couple, and my father saw dog tracks at Tortuga Bay in 1935 which could only have been made by wild dogs. Since then, they have not been seen or heard.
• The wild cattle were introduced in 1923 by Captain Rafael A. Castro, who still lives here. He released a bull and two cows at Academy Bay and then sailed off. When he came [back?] here there were still only a relatively few wild cattle, ...
• The wild pigs were released in approximately 1927 by a Norwegian farmer who raised pigs, then abandoned his project and just released the pigs and left the island. The pigs are descended from two stocks, black wild pigs from Floreana and a more improved white breed from the mainland.
• The goats were introduced some time after 1925 by settlers who brought goats for milking from Barrington, Baltra and Santiago.
• The black rats were introduced a few years before we came here [introduced ca. 1930].
• Mice were introduced into this island shortly after World War 2, ...
• A couple of years later [ca. 1937] we saw the first big earthworms, about four inches long.

The authors state that Cowley “ … concealed for a time his name under the pseudonym of ‘an ingenious Englishman.’ ”

In Whitehall Ms. 4, an unknown copyist describes one of Cowley's manuscripts as “An Exact Journal … by an Ingenious Englishman.” But this is the copyist's description of the author, and not the author's description of himself. There is no known evidence that Cowley ever disguised his identity, and his name is prominently displayed on the first page of all but one of the known copies of his manuscript journal. In fact, the possibility that a captain [John Cook, and later, John Eaton] and an entire ship's company would place themselves in the care of a master's mate with no name is so ludicrous that one may wonder what possessed Kemp and Lloyd to make this claim.

Kemp and Lloyd also appear to be the originators of several interesting variations on other facts. For example, Cowley clearly states how the crew disposed of their first ship, the Revenge. They “ … set her on fire, by reason she should tell no tales.” Kemp and Lloyd revise this to “One account suggests that she was burned ‘that she might tell no tales’ … [but] … another and possibly more likely statement is that she was exchanged farther down the coast for sixty young negro girls who served as a diversion for the buccaneers until they perished miserably one by one in the icy wastes of the Antarctic.” The source of this information is unknown, and it is assumed here that it is the invention of the authors, for reasons known (one hopes) only to themselves. Apparently though, one of these noted historians forgot some of the details: in a subsequent biography of William Dampier, Lloyd writes that “How they disposed of the Revenge and of the sixty black girls they found on board their prize, we do not know.”

Lloyd may also have forgotten his actual source for the following tidbit on Dampier's character: “One of the gentlemen of the Royal Society, of a higher station in life than he could ever aspire to, whom he met at the time that he dined with Evelyn and Pepys, called him ‘a blunt fellow, but of better understanding than would have been expected from one of his education’.” Lloyd does not identify the gentleman of high station, and the only known account of the dinner is an entry in the diary of John Evelyn: “6th August, 1698. I dined with Pepys, where was Captain Dampier. … He seemed a more modest man than one would imagine by the relation of the crew he had assorted with.” Presumably Lloyd read, and then forgot, a letter by Charles Hatton to his brother Christopher, written about one year before Dampier dined with Pepys. Hatton begins “I have discoursed with Dampier” and then offers the “blunt fellow” description which Lloyd claims occurred at the dinner with Samuel Pepys.

Darwin cites Kerr's Voyages as the source of his information about Captain Woodes Rogers, whom Darwin mis-identifies as “Woods, Rogers” (Journal and Remarks) and as “Wood and Rogers” (Journal of Researches). Kerr identifies the Captain as Woods [sic] Rogers, so the comma and subsequent “and” errors are probably Darwin's own. Kerr is also cited in Chapter V (“Bahia Blanca”) of Darwin's Journal.

p. 351. September 16^th. “The next day we ran near Hoods Is^d & there left a (“the” in Barlow) Whale boat.” Compare with FitzRoy.
p. 357. September 28^th. “Steered towards the Southern end of Albermale Is^d, which was surveyed.” Editor's note (1) gives correct spelling. Darwin's misspelling is consistent, but corrected without comment in Barlow and other editions.

The book repeats many of the historical errors found elsewhere in the literature, and introduces a few new ones too.
p. 7: “Ortelius gave the archipelago the name Insulae de los de Galopegos.”
p. 8: Diego de Rivadeneira was a Spanish pirate.
p. 9: American soldiers shot land iguanas for amusement.
p. 10: Dr. Ritter and Dore Strauch were married.
p. 11: Lorenz perished on an exploration trip.
p. 19: “Names of the Largest Galápagos Islands” table shows Cowley misspelled as Crowley (and so on).

Pages 33-46 are a chronological listing of whaling ships in Galápagos from 1793 through 1907. Pages 46-55 present the same list sorted by island name. The lists are collated from ships' logs held in more than 40 museums and private collections in New England, and represent the microfilm collections of these logs held at various Australian libraries. The locations of the original logs are not given in this volume, but may be found by consulting the Pacific Manuscripts Bureau website.

p. 54 shows the following entry: Perry's Island 1860, 2-13 July Vigilant

This is a reference to Remarks On Board Bark Vigilant of New Bedford, Frederick P. Cole, Master. The entry for Sunday, July 2nd reads in part: “This afternoon the three barks anchored in the bay at Perrys Isthmus.” Apparently the last word was mis-read as “Island.”

The Wittmers of Floreana is an excerpt from the author's unpublished autobiography, written when he participated in a creative-writing class.

1974
p. 584. List, and chart facing page includes the following Islas/Islotes (and others):

p. 843. “ … che propórrei di chiamare Escollo de Punta Bowditch: il minore e più vicino alla costa, Islote de P. B. Meridional e Islote de P. B. Septentrional.
1982
p. 75. Location of Islote de Santa Fe (Barrington Islet) is given.
p. 80. Location of “Islote Coamaño [sic] (Jensen Islet)” is given, with chart as Figure 5.
p. 80. Footnote 7 states that Isla Caamaño is “Named Johnson by Brosset (p. 104), Jenson by Lévêque, and Camaño by Villaret (p. 67).”
p. 93. “This islet [Cousins], that I proposed calling Mares Islet (Lanza, 1973) in honor of Mr. Lodovico Mares.”
p. 93. Location of Escollo de Bartolomé is given.
p. 95. Location of Escollo de Punta Bowditch is given.

p. 79. “… en los mapas de Ortelius de 1589 ya figura el grupo insular con otros nombres: 'Las Encantadas' † que, como hemos dicho, fue probablemente el primero que le dieron los descubridores españoles.”
p. 106. “… denominó entonces 'Archipiélago de Ecuador.' ”
p. 107. “Hernández … dio el nombre de Floreana a las isla Charles; llamó Olmedo a la James y [Vicente] Roca a otra de las islas.”

† There is no known Ortelius map with the islands labeled as “Las Encantadas.”

p. 96. Footnote 7 (p. 80) in Lanza 1982 states that Caamaño is named “Jenson by Lévêque.”

Mr. Lundh, who spent much of his life in Galápagos, reports that Jensen Island is named after J. A. Jensen, who came to Galápagos with the cannery group. Known locally as “Fisker Jensen” (Fisherman Jensen), his given names are unknown.

Little is known about the author, other than that he was a contributor to Ballou's Monthly Magazine. Given his regular series of features on nautical themes, perhaps we was a relative of John Macy, captain of the whaleship Sukey. Captain Macy mentioned “Patt's [sic] Landing” in a letter quoted by David Porter in his Journal of a Cruise. If William and John were indeed related, perhaps the writer heard the Watkins legend from the captain, or another member of the family. He may also have borrowed from Paul West's Ship's Log: Whaleship Cyrus, in which West describes dealing with Watkins for vegetables.

In Ms. 126, p. 219 “Ia. Carlos Lomas, 1°29' S, 84°18' W of Cádiz” [i.e., 90°36'W. Document author unknown, but presumbly someone aboard Santa Gertrudis. See Malaspina Expedition for further details.]

Excerpts from Malaspina Expedition are presented here simply to clarify that, contrary to many accounts, Malaspina did not visit Galápagos.

In his Discovery of the Galapagos Islands, Markham writes:

The group, now known as the Galapagos Islands, was discovered by an Inca of Peru [who] discovered two islands, which he named Nina-chumpi and Hahua-chumpi. Chumpi means a girdle or encircled space in Quichua, hence an island. Nina means fire, and Hahua outside. The Fire Island and the Outer Island = Albermarle and Narborough Islands it is supposed.

Markham includes this list of island names.

A footnote (p. 136) in Sir Clements' translation of Sarmiento's Historia is repeated here:

* This story of the navigation of Tupac Inca to the islands of Ninachumpi and Avachumpi or Hahua chumpi is told by Balboa [sic, Cabello de Valboa] as well as by Sarmiento. They were no doubt two of the Galápagos Islands. Nina chumpi means fire island, and Hahua chumpi outer island. See my introduction to the Voyages of Sarmiento, p. xiii; and Las Islas de Galapagos by Marco Jimenes de la Espada.

Notwithstanding Markham's observation that the islands “ … were no doubt two of the Galápagos Islands,” Sarmiento's own text suggests that they were not. The merchants spoke of islands “where there were many people and much gold,” which certainly rules out Galápagos. It is conceivable that Tupac Inca passed by Galápagos on his voyage, but if he returned with black people, gold and other items, then clearly he visited other locations too. However, Sarmiento's own 1567 discovery of islands 200 or more leagues to the westward might have been Galápagos. If so, he was mistaken in associating them with Tupac Inca's Ninachumpi and Avachumpi.—JW.

The sources for Ducéré's work are the following two manuscript logbooks at the Bibliothèque Nationale in Paris, France:

• Fonds Français, No.385: Journal de bord, du 19 Mai 1686 au 8 Juin 1690 (no author identification, but presumably same as the following).
• Fonds Français, No.385: Journal de bord, du 8 Juin 1690 au 4 Septembre 1694, tenu par F. Massertie, avec plans et profils.
  (Citations above courtesy Raynald Laprise.)

Several island names are given, some without sufficient information to make a positive identification. For example:

• “L'île et fort grande, elle a vingt ligues de long, elle est sous la ligne équinoxiale.” From the length (20 leagues = 60 miles), presumably Isla Isabela.
• “Ce jourd'hui, 8 de juin 1690, à Isle de Carenache du Flessingais, qui est en latitude de un degré et seize minutes sud [1°16' S.] et deux cent huit ante et quatre degrés de longitude [284° (Paris) = 286°20' (Greenwich) = 73°40' W].” The latitude suggests Isla Santa María. The source of the longitude error is unknown. The island name may refer to a ship whose captain was from Vlissingen (Flushing) in Holland; possibly Edward Davis [See de Lussan].
• (others) Brûlé, Mascarin, Notre Dame, St. Bernabé, Verte.

The following excerpt is from the cited document published in 1861:

Letters from Passed Midshipmen Maury and Godon
To HON. DUTEE J. PEARCE, House of Representatives, Washington.
FREDERICKSBURG, Va., December 26, 1834
DEAR SIR: Your friendly letter, of the 25th inst., lays open before me. It affords me pleasure to give you all the facts within my reach, which may bear upon the subject of the memorial alluded to.
(more)
By the testimony of other navigators, and the concurring result of my own astronomical observations, I found many places along the coast mislocated on our charts, which were of the most recent publication, and compiled by the most approved hydrographers.

Extract from my note book.

CALLAO, May, 1832.
. . . “Captain Swain, of the Mercury, and Chase, of the Leda, (whalers,) say that Norfolk Island, Gallapagos group does not exist. The chart places it thirty-four miles from Cholam [sic, Chatham] Isle. They sailed from Cholam Isle in search of it; the day was perfectly clear; could see twenty-five miles around; they did not see Norfolk Island. . . .
Yours, respectfully, &c.,
M.F. MAURY
Passed Midshipman U.S. Navy.

NOTE: The unidentified chart may be the 1808 Aaron Arrowsmith chart which places Norfolk about 34 miles from Chatham, as seen in this detail view. The actual distance, however, is about 52 miles (from the peak of Norfolk/Santa Cruz to Kicker Rock vicinity). Norfolk's 2800-foot peak is visible for some 60 miles, so it is unclear why the captains didn't see it, unless they were just out of range, somewhat east of Kicker Rock. However, the claim that they “could see twenty-five miles around” suggests they were better at whaling than at navigation. To see that distance, they would have had to be at the top of a mast more than 450 feet high. No doubt they were sailing tall ships, but surely not that tall.

The author identifies the persons associated with various English names assigned by Cowley, Colnett and others. Although generally informative, there is some confusion over the identities of several islands, as noted here:

• Bindloe “was named by Cowley in 1684, apparently after Sir Robert Byndloss, brother-in-law of Henry Morgan.”
  • In fact, the name does not appear in any known Cowley ms., but is introduced as “Bindlos's” in the printed edition of his journal. The island is identified as Capt. John [not Sir Robert] Bindloes Island in William Hacke's General Draught ….
• Brattle “… is said by several writers to have been named by Cowley after a Nicholas Brattle. He is reputed to have been a member of the Jamaican Council or House of Assembly but this seems unlikely for the name Brattle does not appear in the Jamaican official records for the period.”
  • The name “Brattles” appears for the first time in Morgan MS. 3310, and the island is identified as Mr. Nicholas Brattles Island in Hacke's General Draught ….
• Charles “It appears that the island was inadvertently renamed Hood Island (Española) by Colnett in 1793 (Burney, 1816). Cowley evidently did not record the name or location of the large island now known as Charles Island (Santa María or Floreana). Colnett mistook this island for the original King Charles's Island and gave the name Hood Island to what he supposed to be an unnamed feature.”
  • Actually, Cowley's Charles Island is the present Isla San Cristóbal, which Colnett inadvertently renamed as Chatham (not Hood) Isle. Colnett also assigned the name Charles to the present Isla Floreana, and gave the name Hood to the present Isla Española, which at the time was an unnamed island, not an unnamed feature of some other location.
• Eure's “Another possibility is that the island was named after Ralph, eighth Baron Eure.”
  • The name appears for the first time in Morgan Ms. 3310, and the island is identified as Mr. William [not Lord Ralph] Eures Island in Hacke's General Draught … . Since Morgan Ms. 3310 marks the first appearance of both Eures and Peyps [sic] Island—previously identified by Cowley himself as Sibbel de Wards (ie, the present Falkland Islands)―it's quite possible that the former name honors Samuel Pepys' clerk, Will Hewer. Pepys often spells his last name as Eure, Ewre, etc.

See James Burney section for his actual account, and William Hacke 1687 listing for more details on several island names cited above.

A booklet with 14 sketch maps of tourist sites.

The ten sketches of The Encantadas were sequentially published in Putnam's Monthly Magazine as indicated in the table. Although credited to “Salvator R. Tarnmoor” in the magazine, Melville's authorship was well-known.

The x/y pagination given here indicates the pages in the Putnam/Grabhorn editions.

p. 319/33 (Sketch Fourth). “Still south of James's Isle lie Jervis Isle, Duncan Isle, Crossman's Isle, Brattle Isle, Wood's Isle, Chatham Isle, .... But not far from these are rather notable isles-Barrington, Charles's, Norfolk, and Hood's.” (Italics added to show that “Wood's” is not “Hood's.”)
p. 349/55 (Sketch Eighth). The last verse (“Each … dead.”) does not appear in the Putnam edition. It was added when The Encantadas was published as part of Melville's The Piazza Tales.
p. 460/78 (Sketch Ninth). “Southeast of Crossman's Isle lies Hood's Isle, or McCain's Beclouded Isle.” (“Southeast of …” in Putnam edition, but “To Southeast of …” in Grabhorn edition. The position and text description indicate island is actually Santa María.
p. 463/89 (Sketch Ninth). Compare Melville's version of Patrick Watkins' “Fatherless Oberlus” letter with the original version in David Porter's Journal. Also compare his account of Watkins' fate with those of Porter and Coulter.

Menzies' Journal entries for January 27 through February 13, 1795 describe the approach of H. M. S. Discovery to Galápagos and its passage southward between Islas Darwin and Wolf, then between Fernandina and Isabela. Menzies makes it clear that only the latter island (Albemarle in his ms.) was actually visited. The ms. is a contemporary copy of the original journal, as indicated by a watermark in the paper dated 1798. [The preceeding and concluding parts of the ms. are held by the British Library (Add MS 32641).]

p. 128. “Mr Möller and Sonny tried to shoot sea-lions on a small island called Jensen Island.”

Moll's “Middle Part of America” map appears with minor variations in original and reprint editions of Dampier's New Voyage. The variant in the 1999 Hummingbird Press reprint is stated to be from Esquemeling's History of the Buccaneers, but is in fact from Captain Samuel Johnson's The History of the Pyrates, volume II. The author's name is thought to be a pseudonym of Daniel Defoe. The reprint offers no explanation why the map (which lacks Dampier's route) was taken from a book other than Dampier's own New Voyage, and the editor does not respond to inquiries about this.

In “Marine Sites and their Respective Categories” on p. 110, a numbered list of sites lists the following:

  21: Roca Don Ferdi (Don Ferdi Rock). Buceo con tanque [dive with tank].
  64: Roca Orca, Floreana (Champion). Buceo con tanque.

No further identification is given, and Don Ferdi's last name is unknown. Pending further information, it is assumed here that divers have given the former name to Roca Bainrbidge #8. Notwithstanding “(Champion)” in the above listing, a map in the book shows Roca Orca to the southeast of Isla Watson.

The author's recollections of a 1973 trip from Santa Monica to Isla Baltra in a single-engine plane, in company with four colleagues best described as “socially challenged.” They visit the islands on the Bronzewing, with a captain who is every bit as unpleasant as his passengers.

Moorepark's map shows Albemarle and surrounding islands, together with a sketch of the S. S. Arcturus. James Island is misnamed as Bartholomew Island and Santa Cruz is labeled Santiago. Moorepark's relationship to the ship is uncertain, pending further research. The map was acquired by the Library of Congress in 1926.

p. 125. “Thirteen of these islands … have been named as follows: … Tower's … .”

p. 95. A “Map of The Island” (presumably by illustrator F. A. Anderson) bears little or no resemblance to the actual Isla Santa María, despite the author's claim (p. 7) that “The map at page 95 is, in its general outline and main details, based upon late surveys of Charles Island.”

p. 300. The map identified here as “Hugh Liborges' Map of the Galapagos Islands” is actually an 1816 revision by James Burney of a 1699 map by Herman Moll. Newberry removed Burney's attribution to Ambrose Cowley, and in his Introduction (p. 6), writes that “One of these bold seamen, Hugh Liborges, made a map of the group, a rough, unfinished drawing.” The author does not further identify Liborges, nor explain why he credited this imaginary character with creating this well-known map.

Editor and Publisher of the Niles Weekly Register, Hezikiah Niles printed the obituary of Lieutenant John Cowan, who had died in a duel with Lieutenant John Gamble on James Island, August 10, 1813. There is a 9-page, 2-column biography of Captain David Porter in the same edition, and it is possible that Niles received the details of the duel from Captain Porter himself. The Supplement to Volume Seven is undated, but since the Volume covers the period September 1814 – March 1815, the Supplement was probably published in March or shortly thereafter.

Pages 53-60 of Nickerson's ms. describe his visit to Galápagos in October, 1820. Two locations are described:
(p. 55/132) “We gained an anchorage at Hoods Island. … We anchored in five fathoms water. On the northwest part of the island there is a small bay called Stephens Bay. … Hoods Island is in 1 deg:20m south lattitude and 89deg:40m west longitude.”
(p. 58/135) “We now directed our way towards Charles Island, one of the same groupe. … There is an excellent harbour on the southwest side of the island.”

x/y pagination indicates page in manuscript and in 2000 Reprint edition. Assuming the first anchorage was indeed at Hoods Island (the modern Española), Nickerson probably meant Gardner Bay. (Stephens Bay is on the northern side of Isla San Cristóbal.) The “excellent harbour on the southwest side” of Charles Island (Santa María) is probably Post Office Bay, on the northwest side of the island.

The log of the whaler Hector contains these entries:

• 2 June, 1835: James Isle bearing NE dist. 5 miles.
• 3 June, 1835: Steering in for Breakfast Isle at 2pm let go the anchor in 18 fathoms of water.

From this, it would appear that Breakfast Isle is the modern Isla Rábida. See Island Notes for additional information.

“Captain Tomás Geraldino served at Callao Naval Dept. as Commanding Office of frigate Leibre. Mazarredo could refer to Admiral José de Mazarredo, Spanish Navy.”

1570. Theatrum Orbis Terrarum (“Theatre of the World”). Ortelius published the first edition of this atlas in 1570. The first plate, Typus Orbis Terrarum, is a world map based on Mercator's Nova et aucta… published the previous year. The Ortelius plate shows two island groups, in a SouthWest/NorthEast orientation, with a single “ye de los Galopegos” legend between them. The upper group is probably the present Isla del Coco, off Costa Rica.

Americae Sive Novi Orbis, Nova Descriptio. This plate in Theatrum Orbis Terrarum shows North and South America and the Galápagos Islands. It was revised from time to time, with the following variations noted:

1570. The SouthWest group is labeled Inf: de los galopegos. while the NorthEast group is Inf: de los galepegos.
1579. The 1570 nomenclature is preserved on this edition.
1587. The SouthWest group retains its Inf: de los galopegos. legend, while the NorthEast group is renamed as Inf: de Cocos.

As far as is known, the dual appearance of the name with slightly different spellings and its subsequent correction on the 1587 edition has not been noted in the literature.

1584. Peruviae Auriferae Regionis Typus. This plate was added to the Atlas in 1584 [not 1574, as cited by von Hagen, Slevin and others.] It shows Isolas de Galapagos as one large island and two small satellite islands.

Some sources (von Hagen, Slevin and others) cite Ortelius as the first to put the legend Galápagos on a map, even though the Mercator Nova et aucta . . . map (the celebrated “Mercator Projection” of 1569) predates it by one year.

An undated vellum sea chart from an anonymous source shows “ys. de Galapagos” in a style that suggests it may be even earlier than Mercator, but this possibility has not been verified.

Authority for Ortelius chronology is van den Broecke, Ortelius Atlas Maps: An Illustrated Guide.

On most if not all copies of the first (1983) edition, a sticker with “National Literary Guild, Inc.” has been pasted over “Great Western Publishing Co.” on the title page, copyright page, and rear cover. The Library of Congress Online Catalog indicates the latter is the actual publisher. This edition lacks an index and has fewer illustrations than (and some of which are different from) the 1993 edition. The 1993 edition does not indicate that it is a reprint of the former edition.

The author's description of yacht visits during the three decades ending in 1964 is a valuable resource for researchers interested in this time period. Unfortunately, her coverage of the three centuries before that repeats most errors found elsewhere, and introduces several new ones.

The digital bathymetry data set combines all available depth soundings collected over the past 30 years with high resolution marine gravity information provided by the Geosat, ERS-1/2, and Topex/Poseidon satellite altimeters. It is available on-line from the Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography.

The sea-floor topography is presented in two- and three-dimensional views to enhance different aspects of the submarine relief. In the two-dimensional map, depth is represented in color, and the 100-m and 400-m isobaths are drawn as black and red contours, respectively. In the three-dimensional map, the vertical scale (depth) has been greatly exaggerated to illustrate the very steep topography along the western and southern margins of the archipelago, and the isolated nature of several peaks flanking the main group of islands along its northern margin. These peaks represent the tips of submarine volcanos, some of which have emerged to become the islands we presently know as Darwin, Wolf, Pinta, Marchena and Genovesa. Also evident is the submarine canyon between the islands of Isabela and Santiago, oriented on a NW-SE direction. Notice that the horizontal scale is about 780 km, while the vertical scale is just under 4,000 m. The maps were generated with Matlab v. 5.3.—© 2001, Daniel Palacios.

After the murder of Manuel J. Cobos on Isla San Cristóbal, workers on his plantation seized the ship Josefina Cobos, renamed it Libertad, and sailed for the mainland, arriving at Cabo Manglares, Colombia. Here, the 78 men and 8 women were detained and then sent to Guayaquil on the British ship Ecuador. A postcard with R. Pazmiño's February 19, 1904 photo shows the workers on a Guayaquil dock. See Chapter 10 of Jacob Lundh's Galápagos: A Brief History for further details.

After moving to England in 1864, the Italian caricaturist published several hundred cartoons in Vanity Fair, including the four works listed here:

The enclosed notes suggest Perkins sent these letters to himself, perhaps as a test of the postal service between Galápagos and the United States. The Chatham date may be an error though; The Hancock Expedition was at Barrington (Isla Santa Fe) on January 26, and at Chatham (San Cristóbal) the following day.

p. 317. “L'ile Dower est située par 0°19'30'' … .”

Pages 69-76 describe the visit of the whaleship Essex to Galápagos in October, 1820, largely based on the ms. of Thomas Nickerson.

Captain Sherwood Picking, U. S. Navy, visited Galápagos in April, 1941 on the submarine S-44, in company with three other submarines and the submarine rescue ship U. S. S. Mallard. With the cooperation of the Navy, Waldo Lasalle Schmitt, from the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, DC, was permitted to accompany the expedition in order to investigate potential sites for a Smithsonian-supported research station. Since the vessels needed to cross the Equator on their voyage from the Canal Zone, the Radiogram reproduced here was inevitable. Scholars have not yet ascertained the true location of the Island of Foo, nor its Spanish name, if there is one.

Picking's April 24 letter describes his unsuccessful attempt to locate the grave site of Lieutenant John S. Cowan, who was killed in a duel on James Island (Isla San Salvador) with Lieutenant John Marshall Gamble on August 12, 1813. Captain David Porter gives a brief report of the duel, but offers no details of its cause and does not identify Cowan's assailant.

p. 111-12. While at Chatham Island (Isla San Cristóbal), the author visited the village of Progreso. “Here also was Señor Rogerio Alvarado, representative of the owners of the island, and his assistant, Señor Cobos [son of the slain Manuel J. Cobos—JW], both of whom spoke little English but excellent and idiomatic French. Alvarado was manager of the sugar mill and of numerous plantations of coffee, cane, and fruit.”

Note: The Galápagos chart by Russell Lyons (facing p. 98) may be the first to show Darwin Bay at Tower Island with some accuracy.

The x/y pagination given here indicates:
x/  Porter's 1822 edition, with a link to the location of the citation within that edition.
/y  The 1986 Naval Institute Press edition, which reprints the complete text from Porter's 1815 and 1822 editions.

p. 129/153. “I have been induced to call [it] Rock Dismal.”
p. 158/185. “... the Devil's Rock, or Rock Dismal, bearing E.N.E.”
p. 165/192. “He [Chaplain Adams] highly complimented me, by giving it the name of Porter's Island.”
p. 203/232. “... no less than four craters in operation on that island [Narborough]” (See p. 587).
p. 206/235. “We ... discovered Wenam's [sic] Island.”
p. 230/261. “I now made sail [from Santa María] for Chatham island, running along to windward of Barrington island … . Towards sunset, the man on the look-out cried out, a sail to the N. W.! All sail was made in chase, but in a short time we discovered from the mast-head, by our glasses, that it was one of two rocks that lie off the north † end of Porter's island, which we have called Bainbridge's Rocks.”
p. 232/264. “This bay I called Rodgers' Bay, and the island forming it Rodgers' Island, in honour of commodore Rodgers.”
p. xxxvi/587.‡ “The only volcanoes seen in a state of activity were, four on Marlborough [sic, see p. 203/232 above], one on Albemarle, and one on Charles' Island.”

† The “north” is probably a typo. According to Porter's own written description and map, the two rocks lie off the east end of Porter's Island—that is, isla Santa Cruz. They are now known as Gordon Rocks, while Bainbridge Rocks has been applied to a similar group off Isla San Salvador.

‡ This excerpt is taken from Porter's Preface to the 2nd (1822) edition. The Preface appears as an Appendix (pp. 568 - 628) in the Naval Institute 1986 reprint edition, where Marlborough is misspelled as Malborough.

p. 25 Appendix II: shows the following chart, which is sorted here according to Cowley's list:

p. 15. Typesetting error lists Guy Toucket [sic, Guy Fawkes] Islet as a diving/snorkeling site.

p. 267. “Subjoined is a table of the various islands, arranged in order of size, and with their respective English and Spanish names.” [Errors are shown below in brackets, italics indicates name on map but not in original table. The Galápagos Archipelego map (Fig. 103) is unique in that it includes island names found on the Cruz Goblado chart, but not seen elsewhere.—JW.]

A slightly edited version of Reimer's story was published as “A Most Unusual Social Visit” in Robert Reiss's Doctor Yank.

Chaper VIII describes Dr. Reiss's tour of duty in Galápagos as an Army dentist. The chapter includes Walter Finsen's “Debunking the Baroness.” and Ernest G. Reimer's “A Most Unusual Social Visit.”

The author and her husband, the well-known painter Manuel Rendón Seminario, spent a few months in Galápagos, along with “un amigo y sus tres hijos” who remain unidentified. The author reports that they departed Guayaquil on 18 January (p. 18), but does not state the year. However, on arrival at San Cristóbal, Captain Hancock of the Velero III paid a visit (p. 25). The Hancock party were there in January, 1938, thus giving us the year of the author's visit. Sra. de Rendón visited the Wittmers and noted “Una bandera alemana tricolor estaba colgada en una pared, y en otra un retrato de Hitler, debajo del cual brillaba una ramita de pino en metal dorado.” The Rendóns spent some time on Isla Floreana, and apparently Frau Wittmer filled her in on the details of previous years, including her first encounter with Dore Strauch, who asked Margret “What do you think of Nietzche?” (p. 39). In her own book, Margret mentions (p. 135) “The ship that came at the end of January” but says nothing about meeting the Rendóns.

p. 464. “… Charles's Island, which the new colonists call La Floriana.”

Basil Ringrose arrived in England on March 26, 1682 and departed again on October 1, 1683. Therefore, his Waggoner must have been created within this period. The crude Galápagos chart on the last page showing Cowley's King James Isle—so named by Cowley in December, 1685, on learning of the death of Charles II—must have been added to the volume after Cowley's own return to England on October 12, 1686.

Dr. Ritter auf der Galapagosinsel is cited by John Treherne in his The Galapagos Affair bibliography, but no details are given. In A Modern Sea Beggar, Temple Utley makes a passing reference to the publication of private letters by Ritter and Dore Strauch that “… had been hastily collected together into a book.” This may be the book cited by Treherne, but a copy has not yet been located.

On the title page of Als Robinson auf Galapagos, a “†” symbol after the author's name indicates the book was published posthumously. And in fact the book concludes with a description of his death. The ms. may have been written from Ritter's notes by Dore Strauch after she returned to Germany. However, Treherne (p. 197) states that Ritter's nephew wrote that “The net proceeds from the book will go to the lawful heirs of Dr. Ritter, his wife and sister, after it was found impossible to get the assistance of Frau Strauch-Koerwin.” Treherne does not identify his source, nor does he explain how Ritter's notes passed from Dore Strauch to someone else, without her assistance. The Floreana map on p. 255 of the German edition does not appear in the Dutch edition. The property called “Friedo” in the Atlantic Monthly articles (Ritter 1931) and in Satan Came to Eden (Strauch 1935) is here identified as “Frido.” (Further details pending translation into English.)

1936   Voyage to Galápagos.
p. 218. “At the entrance [to Pelican Lagoon] lay a tiny island. … We named it Iguana Tree Island.”
p. 228. “We cornered [some wild dogs] one day on Iguana Tree Island where they often swam to hunt iguanas.”

1957   To the Great Southern Sea.
p. 168. “… the island I had named Big Penguin Island in 1934.” (probably one of Islotes Marielas)

p. 151. “… under sail by a remarkable Rock.”
p. 152. “… to bear away for the Rendevous Rock.”
Rogers' opinion of Capt. [Edward] Davis appears at bottom of Emanuel Bowen's chart.
In describing the Galápagos land turtle, Rogers writes: “The Spaniards tell us they know of none elsewhere in these Seas.”

The Third Presidential Cruise is a 75-page booklet printed on board the cruiser on the occasion of President Roosevelt's “Fishing Expedition” to the Galápagos Islands and Isla Coco on the Houston. Much is devoted to the shenanigans of crossing the line, along with a few pages about the Ritters, Baroness, the Wittmer family, and the search for Lt. Cowan's grave. Although the Houston organized a search (unsuccessful) of Isla San Salvador, the booklet mistakenly notes that “ … Seymour Island is perhaps best known as the burial place of Lieutenant John S. Cowan.”

The Galápagos diaries of Charles Miller Harris and F. P. Drowne are included within the Rothschild & Hartert paper. Entries in both diaries about feral animals are cited in Barbara West's Human Introduction of Animals table.

The cartoons of Linley Sambourne (1844-1910) were featured in Punch magazine for more than forty years, and several are reproduced here.

This excerpt describes Japanese plans for the destruction of the Panama Canal.

Note that Sayer's 1775 map shows “Albemarle or Isabel I.” on the modern Isla Isabela. Sayer's usage is more than 100 years before the official 1892 assignment of that name, and his source is unknown. See also Laurie & Whittle's 1794 map for another early appearance of Isabella.

Schimpff's account is an odd mix of fact and fiction. An accompanying photograph shows Post Office Bay as a “Palm-Fringed Tropical Beach” and an Editor's note in the story states that Dr. Ritter and Dore Strauch returned to Germany. Both items imply that the story is a fabrication based loosely on actual events. A passing reference in Margret Wittmer's “What Happened on Galápagos?” indicates the author lived on the island before the arrival of the Wittmer family. “Herr Schimff [sic] is also mentioned in Temple Utley's A Modern Sea Beggar. He is identified as “Federico Smit” in an Ecuadorian document accompanying Utley's “Statement … regarding the death of Captain Bruun.”

The American Museum of Natural History Botany/Historical Collections has a catalog entry for a “Schimpff, H. J. F. ” and the New York Botanical Garden lists a “Heinrich J. F. Schimpff.” Both listings cite Ecuador. Given the name and country, it is presumed this is the “J. F. Schimpff” cited as author of the newspaper feature, and that his full name is Heinrich J. Frederick Schimpff. The “J.” remains a mystery.

The Monumenta Cartographica editor (Dr. F. C. Wieder, Librarian of the University of Leiden) has interpreted a “PERISCH” legend on one of the globe gores as follows:

“If this word is divided into three parts, we get the meaning of it: PER I SCH, the I indicating Joannes, the SCH Schöner, i. e. per I. Schöner— by Johannes Schöner.”

However, the legend is in fact “PERISCII”—a word to describe “Those who live within a polar circle, whose shadows, during some summer days, will move entirely round, falling toward every point of the compass.” (Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary). The word appears directly below the Antarctic circle on the globe gore. In The Mapping of the World, editor R. A. Skelton writes:

“The craftsman-artist could well be from the school of Schöner, … The gores are tentatively dated c. 1535; they could be earlier but are unlikely to be as early as 1523-24 as stated by Wieder.”

Despite the proximity to the mainland, the presence of four islands under the “Insuls Gemmarum” legend suggests this is not the single island now known as Isla de Plata. The similarity of gemmarum (“of gems”) and de Plata (“of plate”) is coincidental, since the latter—according to a legend possibly started by William Dampier [q. v.]—commemorates Sir Francis Drake's use of the island a half century after the globe gores were produced. There is no hard evidence to indicate the island cluster (shown colored) represents the Galápagos Islands, but there are no other likely candidates in the same general area.

Dr. John Scouler was ship's surgeon on the 1824-25 voyage of the William & Ann from England to the Columbia River. His account of his visit to James Island (see text on Google Earth view) is the only known source to give the approximate location of the gravesite of Lt. John Cowan, U. S. frigate Essex. Scouler's transcription of the text on a plaque at the grave is slightly different from that reported earlier by David Porter. It is suspected that Scouler's transcription is the more accurate, as Porter probably wrote his from memory upon his return to the United States.

1955. Charting the “Enchanted Isles.”
p. 103. “ … Sulivan Bay is named in honor of Lieut. [Bartholomew] James Sulivan of H. M. S. Beagle.” Since Slevin knew that the bay was named after Lt. Sulivan, it's puzzling that he thought the island in the bay (the present Bartolomé) was named after a Lt. James Ewen Bartholomew. See table which follows.

1959. The Galápagos Islands. A History …
p. 6. “...a drawing made by G. W. P. Edwardes of H. M. S. Daphne ... during a visit of that vessel to the Galápagos in 1836.”
p. 18. “The islands appear on Ortelius’ Theatrum Orbis Terrarum, published at Antwerp in 1570, as ‘Insulae de los Galopegos,’ and in his Peruviae Auriferae Regionis Typus, of 1574 they are named ‘Isolas de Galápagos’ … .” The source of this information may be an inaccurate account by Von Hagen, 1949.
p. 38. “Isle de Saute, and the Isle Mascarin are no doubt Charles [i.e., Santa María] and Hood.”

Chart on pp. 104-105 (1955) and 25-26 (1959) lists the following entries:

Slevin's account of the Cowley and Davies [sic, Davis] diaries
pp. 27-37: EARLY VISITORS

Slevin's 1959 paper was edited and published posthumously, and an Editor's footnote (p. 29, #4), advises that “… the author left only tentative transcriptions of those portions of these diaries which he wished to quote. … It has been impossible to check … his numerous transcriptions against the original manuscripts.” These circumstances may explain the following errata.

• pp. 29-34: Excerpts from the Journal of Ambrose Cowley
  These excerpts (including Figures 10-12) are in fact taken from Sloane Ms. 3236—the journal of William Dampier. A British Library identification tag with this Ms. number is visible in Figures 10 and 12.
• pp. 34-37: Excerpts from the Journal of Edward Davies
  These excerpts (including Figure 13) are from Sloane Ms. 54—the journal of William Ambrosia Cowley. A footnote (p. 34, #6) states that “Ambrose Cowley is followed in the spelling of Davies though it is commonly found Davis in the literature.” The Davies spelling is actually that found in the above-cited Dampier ms.

See Charles Haskins Townsend for Smith's reference to “Woods' [Hoods] Island.”

p. 20 (1995) & p. 622 (1996). The cited island names are “… commonly applied by the staff of the Charles Darwin Research Station, ourselves, or other residents of Galápagos.” Those names with no known prior source are listed in the table which follows. Latitude and Longitude are taken from the Snell paper.

In 1875, the newly-appointed U. S. Minister to Ecuador, Thomas Biddle, arrived in Guayaquil. Before continuing to Quito to assume his post, he contracted yellow fever and died. The position of Minister remained vacant until 1892, and during this interval matters were handled by the American Legation in Lima, Peru. Accordingly, Mr. Staples wrote to the U. S. Minister in Peru, Stephen A. Hurlbut, to protest the theft of the vessel Laura by “Mr. Cobos”—presumably Manuel J. Cobos. An embossed seal (“Republica del Ecuador”) is stamped into the upper left-hand corner of the letter. Since the letter was from an American citizen in Guayaquil to an American diplomat in Peru, it is unclear when (or why) this seal was added. Hurlbut died in Lima a few months later (27 March 1882), and perhaps the letter was forwarded to authorities in Ecuador after his death, and stamped there when received. The eventual resolution (if any) of this incident has not yet been determined.

p. 202. Appendix 1 contains the following names:

The track of HMS Beagle on the map is based on the track seen on a collection of six 1837 British Admiralty charts. However, the author's map shows the track only for the time when Darwin was onboard the ship. He remained on James Island while the Beagle made a return trip to Chatham Island and eventually back to James to pick up Darwin and the others who remained with him.

Appendix, pp. 25-36. “A Copy of a Spanish Manuscript, of the Latitudes and Longitudes of all the most noted Places in the South-Seas. Corrected, from the latest Observations, by Manuel Monz. Prieto, Professor of Arts in Peru.”

The author's work contains excerpts from whaling books and ships' logs, two of which cite the island names listed here.

Table 1 (p. 10) mistakenly associates Daphne Major with Mosquera, identifies both Gardner Islets as Jardinero (gardener), and lists Nuñez & Gasna as separate names for Wenman.

The Library of Congress description (at http://www.loc.gov/rr/geogmap/luso/dominica.html#ecuador) includes the following:

This map of the Galápagos Islands includes coastlines, the navigational track, and sightings by the crew of the frigate, Santa Gertrudiz, under the command of naval captain Alonso de Torres y Guerra, between March 18 and 21, 1793. The purpose of the expedition as given in a note on the map was to assess the potential economic and strategic value of the islands. This particular survey of the Galápagos Islands was part of a larger, complex scientific expedition made between 1789 and 1794 along the Pacific Coast of the Americas under the command of Captain Alexandro Malaspina† which was undertaken “por la beneficia de la Nav[egació]n y Comercio.” Torres y Guerra conducted the survey of the Galápagos Islands on the return voyage from Nootka Sound (North Pacific coast of North America) to Callao. This survey was the second official Spanish expedition‡ to the Galápagos Islands, and during it Torres y Guerra replaced the former British names of the islands with Spanish designations. This map, displaying only observed coastline and with unobserved landmass left blank, appears to be the copy made aboard ship during the expedition. A later 1794 version signed by Tomás [sic, Thomas] de la Cruz Doblado and housed in the Depósito Hidrográfico (Madrid) contains additional named islands. The earlier 1793 version is part of the Geography & Map Division's collection from the Real Escuela de Navegación, Cadiz, Spain purchased from Maggs Brothers, London. For more information about the expedition, see Carlos Manuel Larrea's El Archipielago De Colón. Quito: Editorial Casa de la Cultural Ecuatoriana, 1960.

† The expedition was under the command of Malaspina, but Malaspina himself was not present in Galápagos.

‡ The Library of Congress description does not identify the first Spanish expedition to the islands.

Base Beta (or simply, Beta) was the code name for the Army base on the present Isla Baltra during its WW-II military occupation.

Popular island references were:

1941-1944: A collection of selected papers, letters, memoranda, about the Galápagos Islands during WWII, issued by, or sent to, the U. S. Government. The documents have been re-typed for readability, but all original spelling, punctuation, formatting etc. has been retained. Use the buttons on each page to sequentially read other papers in the series, or to return to the Bibliography.

The 1942 chart is derived from British Admiralty Chart #1375. The British Survey was conducted in 1835, not 1836 as stated on the chart. The corrections to 1942 are based on the U. S. S. Bowditch survey of that year. This is the first known published chart on which Isla Genovesa is drawn with some accuracy. However, a 1930 sketch map by Russell Lyons shows the island with a similar shape.

The 2002 chart was prepared by recording entries from the Bowditch deck log on the revised Admiralty chart. The Galápagos survey was conducted from the ship during three visits in 1942:

• 30 April - 26 June
• 15 July - 31 August
• 10 September - 14 October

The Index contains records of 26,213 U.S. military personnel and others processed through the Gorgas Hospital Mortuary, and contains 42 records of deaths occurring in the Galápagos Islands during WWII. Each record includes the name, social security number or other unique personal identifier, age, race, nationality, occupation, employer, date of death, place of death, the date the body was received by the mortuary, the person identified as being responsible for the remains, the place of burial, date of cremation, disposition of cremation remains, register entry number, marker, section, row, grave, cost, and remarks. The list has been edited to remove redundant entries and columns containing no data.

In the Galápagos Monograph:
p. 92. The Galápagos Islands chart indicates potential sites for military installations, based on surveys conducted since about 1910.
p. 260, “Submarine Rock, approximately 1000 yards E. of Daphne Major Islet is so named because of its resemblance to a submarine on the surface. It only extends 12 feet above high water. Landings can be effected with difficulty.”

p. 156. “With a small boat and a motor the way in [to Academy Bay] is quite simple if you take the eastern passage between Jensen [Caamaño―JW] Island and the shore.”

p. 1465. “… this is the south-west point of Marlborough island, which is situated according to our observations in latitude 50' south, longitude 268° 34' east [ie, 91°26' W].”
Vancouver is actually referrring to Albemarle (Isabela) Island here.

p. 30. “… a tiny islet known as Piedra Dura (Hard Rock), 1°14'18''S, 90°28'42''W.”

English translation of a contract regarding cattle.

“The following contract has taken place between Bolívar Icaza Villamil and Antonio Gil:

1. Icaza Villamil rents to Gil the rights that, as heir to the property of his mother: doña Bolívar villamil de Icaza, pertain to him over the cattle of the islands of the Galápagos Archipelago, so that Gil may export them live from the islands or slaughter them.
2. Gil will pay Icaza for this rental the sum of five sucres for each head of cattle that he ships, or that he takes upon himself to tame or slaughter.
3. The rest of the animals, that for the same reason belong to Icaza on the mentioned islands, will be the subject of another contract, if Gil wishes to exploit them.
4. Signing the present contract, Gil will give to Icaza at his own cost, an advance of one-thousand sucres, which will be reimbursed to Gil by discounting monthly 25% of the amount that is owed to Icaza at the end of the monthly accounts.
5. In the case that the company that Gil represents, with whom Icaza makes the present contract, buys the rights and shares that the heirs of General Villamil have in all the Archipelago, and although this sale involves the rights belonging to Icaza, Icaza remains recognized in fact by said company as a full partner, and will be given, in shares, the amount equal to the sum he receives for the part that he sells.
6. The duration of the present contract will be voluntary for both parties, with a notice of one year in anticipation for its termination.
   Each party will keep a copy of the present contract.

Guayaquil, the third of May of eighteen-hundred and ninety-seven.”

[Signed] Bolívar Icaza Villamil         Antonio Gil

“The island named Duncan, that has been called with the name of my beloved daughter [Ana], can be colonized with success, … .”

p. 67. Footnote 7 (p. 80) in Lanza 1982 states that Caamaño is named “Camaño by Villaret.”

p. 381. “… the Isle à Tabac, where the English Buccaneers had used to careen. The Isle de Santé … is 20 leagues from … Tabac. The Isle Mascarin … in 1°12' South latitude.”

1949: Ecuador and the Galápagos Islands.
p. 175. (n. 5) “They were named ‘Isolas de Galápagos’ by Abraham Ortelius … . The islands first appeared in their correct position cartographically and were named ‘Galápagos’ in the Orbus Terrarum of Ortelius. (Peruviae Auriferae Regionis Typus, 1574.)” [Possible source for account by Slevin, 1959, p. 18.]
p. 184. “Privateer's Rock, now called Dalrymple Rock.”
p. 211. List gives Grande as another name for Chatham; Rábida and Guerra are mislinked to Culpepper. Refer to Ortelius (above) for notes on first appearance and corrections to von Hagen's chronology.

Although a work of juvenile fiction, the character “Finsen” is apparently based on Walter Finsen. Both came from Iceland (p.136), spent time in Mexico (p. 140), and had hunting dogs (p.158). The fictional character speaks Norwegian to his dogs (p. 160), while the historical Finsen was presumably Danish.

p. 59. “She would be born on Santa Rosalia.”

p. 151. “I staid with Captain Davis in the Batchelors Delight ; and he was for going again to the Southward.”
This is the only known printed reference to the name of the ship which carried Wafer and his shipmates William Ambrosia Cowley and William Dampier to the Galápagos Islands.

p. 137. “… on the far northern island of Nuñez.” and “… to Nuñez, at the farthest northern edge of the archipelago.” (Author's original ms. citations of “Wolf” changed to “Nuñez” by editor, based on Steadman & Zousmer 1988. Original citations restored in revised first edition.)

The author's Table summarizes observations about feral animals taken from the sources indicated.

“The name Wittmer Seamount is used in a Ph.D. dissertation (Harpp, K. S., Magmatic Evolution at Hotspots and Mid-Ocean Ridges: Isotopic and Trace Element Studies from the Galápagos Islands and the East Pacific Rise, Cornell University, 1994” (personal communication).

The What Happened on Galápagos? manuscript was written by Margret Wittmer for Captain G. Allan Hancock, who commissioned Sydney Skamser to translate it into English.

Floreana Adventure, p. 156. “… the tiny seal island of Loveria [sic], [near Post Office Bay].”
p. 160 & 164. Margret Wittmer states that her husband Heinz went to nearby Chatham Island (Isla San Cristóbal) in April 1940 to inquire about his military obligations. He returned within a few weeks with news that “The German Embassy in Quito let me know that at present there is no possibility of my leaving Ecuador. I'm to wait quietly here till I'm called.” The author offers no explanation how her husband sent his inquiry to Quito, and received a reply within such a short time.